當需要再次安裝SQL Server時,如果序列號找不到了,可以試著從已經安裝的實例裡找回序列號,因為安裝完SQL Server後,序列號(Product Key)被保存在注冊表裡;
MSDN訂閱下載的安裝包是內置序列號的,則沒有這個困擾。
一. 序列號保存在哪
通過無文檔記載的擴展存儲過程xp_regread讀取注冊表:
--For SQL Server 2008, 2008 R2 use master GO exec xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\Setup','ProductCode' exec xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\Setup','DigitalProductID' GO --For SQL Server 2012 use master GO exec xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Setup','ProductCode' exec xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Setup','DigitalProductId' GO
不要被ProductCode迷惑,就算只安裝了SQL Server客戶端,注冊表裡也會有這個鍵值,並不是序列號,DigitalProductID才是,但經過了Base24編碼,需要解碼才行。
可以看到,對於不同版本,注冊表的路徑不一樣,但是鍵是一致的。
Express版是免費的,沒有序列號,從而注冊表也沒DigitalProductID這個鍵。
二. 如何解碼序列號
1. Base24, Base64 編碼簡介
可能很多人聽說過Base64編碼,它用於對比較長的字符串進行編碼,以方便傳輸;
Base24編碼主要應用在序列號生成上,兩者的實現思路是類似的,只是編碼的模式有點變化。
Base64所對應的編碼表是:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=
共計64個字符。
Base24所對應的編碼表是:
BCDFGHJKMPQRTVWXY2346789
共計24個字符,這裡主要去掉了一些對於序列號來說不容易識別和容易混淆的字符。
SQL Server的序列號采用的是Base24編碼,對編碼後的字符進行解碼,即可以得到原文。
編碼/解碼並不是加密/解密,沒有秘鑰的說法,只有字符轉換的規則,Base24, Base64詳細的算法可以在網上找到。
2. 利用Powershell 解碼
以下powershell函數用於解碼/找回SQL Server序列號,在SQL Server 2008, 2008 R2實例上測試通過:
function Get-SQLServerKey { ## function to retrieve the license key of a SQL 2008 Server. param ($targets = ".") $hklm = 2147483650 $regPath = "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\Setup" $regValue1 = "DigitalProductId" $regValue2 = "PatchLevel" $regValue3 = "Edition" Foreach ($target in $targets) { $productKey = $null $win32os = $null $wmi = [WMIClass]"\\$target\root\default:stdRegProv" $data = $wmi.GetBinaryValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue1) [string]$SQLver = $wmi.GetstringValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue2).svalue [string]$SQLedition = $wmi.GetstringValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue3).svalue $binArray = ($data.uValue)[52..66] $charsArray = "B","C","D","F","G","H","J","K","M","P","Q","R","T","V","W","X","Y","2","3","4","6","7","8","9" ## decrypt base24 encoded binary data For ($i = 24; $i -ge 0; $i--) { $k = 0 For ($j = 14; $j -ge 0; $j--) { $k = $k * 256 -bxor $binArray[$j] $binArray[$j] = [math]::truncate($k / 24) $k = $k % 24 } $productKey = $charsArray[$k] + $productKey If (($i % 5 -eq 0) -and ($i -ne 0)) { $productKey = "-" + $productKey } } $win32os = Get-WmiObject Win32_OperatingSystem -computer $target $obj = New-Object Object $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty Computer -value $target $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty OSCaption -value $win32os.Caption $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty OSArch -value $win32os.OSArchitecture $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty SQLver -value $SQLver $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty SQLedition -value $SQLedition $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty ProductKey -value $productkey $obj } }
SQL Server 2012序列號裡字符的格式發生了變化,$binArray = ($data.uValue)[0..16] 不同於SQL Server 2008的$binArray = ($data.uValue)[52..66],同時別忘了改下注冊表路徑$regPath = "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Setup",修改後如下,在SQL Server 2012實例上測試通過:
function Get-SQLServerKey { ## function to retrieve the license key of a SQL 2012 Server. ## by Jakob Bindslet ([email protected]) ## 2012 Modification by Xian Wang ([email protected]) param ($targets = ".") $hklm = 2147483650 $regPath = "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Setup" $regValue1 = "DigitalProductId" $regValue2 = "PatchLevel" $regValue3 = "Edition" Foreach ($target in $targets) { $productKey = $null $win32os = $null $wmi = [WMIClass]"\\$target\root\default:stdRegProv" $data = $wmi.GetBinaryValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue1) [string]$SQLver = $wmi.GetstringValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue2).svalue [string]$SQLedition = $wmi.GetstringValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue3).svalue $binArray = ($data.uValue)[0..16] $charsArray = "B","C","D","F","G","H","J","K","M","P","Q","R","T","V","W","X","Y","2","3","4","6","7","8","9" ## decrypt base24 encoded binary data For ($i = 24; $i -ge 0; $i--) { $k = 0 For ($j = 14; $j -ge 0; $j--) { $k = $k * 256 -bxor $binArray[$j] $binArray[$j] = [math]::truncate($k / 24) $k = $k % 24 } $productKey = $charsArray[$k] + $productKey If (($i % 5 -eq 0) -and ($i -ne 0)) { $productKey = "-" + $productKey } } $win32os = Get-WmiObject Win32_OperatingSystem -computer $target $obj = New-Object Object $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty Computer -value $target $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty OSCaption -value $win32os.Caption $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty OSArch -value $win32os.OSArchitecture $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty SQLver -value $SQLver $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty SQLedition -value $SQLedition $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty ProductKey -value $productkey $obj } }
3. 調用powershell函數並輸出序列號
打開powershell,把上面的函數貼進去,回車,輸入Get-SQLServerKey 並回車;
或者把上面的函數存為.ps1文件直接引用:
PS C:\Windows\system32> . C:\Users\username\Desktop\pk.ps1 PS C:\Windows\system32> Get-SQLserverKey
輸出結果如下,首尾幾個字符被人為改成星號,沒有貼出來。
Computer : . OSCaption : Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard OSArch : 64-bit SQLver : 11.2.5058.0 SQLedition : Developer Edition ProductKey : *****-G8T4R-QW4XX-BVH62-*****
對於SQL Server 2000, 2005,由於手頭沒有環境,沒有測試;對於Office,Windows系統,應該也都可以通過類似的方式拿到序列號。
以上內容就是關於安裝完成後如何找回SQL Server實例安裝時的序列號,希望大家有所幫助。