exists語法
SELECT c.CustomerId, CompanyName
FROM Customers c
WHERE EXISTS(
SELECT OrderID FROM Orders o
WHERE o.CustomerID = cu.CustomerID)
這裡面的EXISTS是如何運作呢?子查詢返回的是OrderId字段,可是外面的查詢要找的是CustomerID和CompanyName字段,這兩個字段肯定不在OrderID裡面啊,這是如何匹配的呢?
EXISTS用於檢查子查詢是否至少會返回一行數據,該子查詢實際上並不返回任何數據,而是返回值True或False。
EXISTS 指定一個子查詢,檢測行的存在。語法:EXISTS subquery。參數 subquery 是一個受限的 SELECT 語句 (不允許有 COMPUTE 子句和 INTO 關鍵字)。結果類型為 Boolean,如果子查詢包含行,則返回 TRUE。
今天碰到一個很奇怪的問題,關於exists的,
第一個語句如下:
SELECT
count(1)
FROM
APPLY t
WHERE
EXISTS (
SELECT
r.APPLY_ID
FROM
RECORD r
WHERE
t.APPLY_ID = r.APPLY_ID
);
產生的結果是:89584
第二個語句如下:
SELECT
count(1)
FROM
APPLY t
WHERE
EXISTS (
SELECT
max(r.FINISH_TIME)
FROM
RECORD r
WHERE
t.APPLY_ID = r.APPLY_ID
);
產生的結果是:432382
確實相當奇怪,對於exist子句來說,其判斷的是子查詢的值是否存在,也就是說,列名,和對列名求最大值沒什麼區別啊。
包括MySQL官方文檔中也提到
Traditionally, an EXISTS subquery starts with SELECT *, but it could begin with SELECT 5 or SELECT column1 or anything at all. MySQL ignores the SELECT list in such a subquery, so it makes no difference.
大意就是MySQL會自動忽略到SELECT的列表。
後來在自己的環境測試了一下,確實是MySQL的一個bug
測試環境:MySQL 5.6.31,5.7.14
mysql> create table t3(id int,t datetime);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec)
mysql> insert into t3 values(1,'20160812');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec)
mysql> select 1 from dual where exists (select id from t3 where id=2);
Empty set (0.15 sec)
mysql> select 1 from dual where exists (select max(id) from t3 where id=2);
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
| 1 |
很明顯,id等於2的列不存在,但是第二條語句還是當做TRUE來處理了。
也確認了下兩條語句的執行計劃和改寫後的SQL
第一個語句
mysql> EXPLAIN EXTENDED select 1 from dual where exists (select id from t3 where id=2);
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | Impossible WHERE |
| 2 | SUBQUERY | t3 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1 | 100.00 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
2 rows in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> show warnings;
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1681 | 'EXTENDED' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. |
| Note | 1003 | /* select#1 */ select 1 AS `1` from DUAL where 0 |
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
第二個語句
mysql> EXPLAIN EXTENDED select 1 from dual where exists (select max(id) from t3 where id=2);
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | No tables used |
| 2 | SUBQUERY | t3 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1 | 100.00 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+
2 rows in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> show warnings;
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1681 | 'EXTENDED' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. |
| Note | 1003 | /* select#1 */ select 1 AS `1` from DUAL where 1 |
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
執行計劃及改寫後的SQL確實有所不同,看來,確實是MySQL的一個bug了。
於是,給官方提了個bug
http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=82562
總結
建議寫exists語句時,子查詢中直接用*,而不用對列進行任何函數操作,避免碰到官方bug,
事實上,對於abs,floor函數又沒問題
mysql> select 1 from dual where exists (select abs(id) from t3 where id=2);
Empty set (0.07 sec)
mysql> select 1 from dual where exists (select floor(id) from t3 where id=2);
Empty set (0.00 sec)