--- 說明閃回數據庫
--- 使用閃回表將表內容還原到過去的特定時間點
--- 從刪除表中進行恢復
--- 使用閃回查詢查看截止到任一時間點的數據庫內容
--- 使用閃回版本查詢查看某一行在一段時間內的各個版本
--- 使用閃回事務查詢查看事務處理歷史記錄或行
優點:
閃回技術由於只能處理更改數據,所以從根本上改變了恢復技術。使用這個技術時,從錯誤中恢復花費的時間等於制造錯誤所花費的時間。當閃回技術使用時,它與介質恢復相比,在易用性、可用性和還原時間方面有明顯的優勢。
閃回數據庫使用閃回日志執行閃回。閃回刪除使用回收站。其他所有功能都使用還原數據。
閃回時間浏覽
閃回技術提供的功能可用於查詢方案對象的過去版本、查詢歷史記錄數據以及執行更改分析。每個事務處理在邏輯上都會生成新版本數據庫。使用閃回技術,可通過浏覽這些版本來查找錯誤以及原因。
· 閃回查詢:查詢特定時間點的所有數據。
· 閃回版本查詢:查看兩個時間之間行的所有版本已經更改了行的事務處理。
· 閃回事務處理查詢:查看事務處理做的所有更改。
使用閃回查詢功能時,可以對自特定時間起的數據庫執行查詢。通過使用select語句的 as of 子句,可指定要查看其數據的時間戳。這有助於分析數據差異。
實驗一:閃回查詢
實驗一:閃回查詢:as of timestamp
SYS@ORCL>conn tyger/tyger
Connected.
TYGER@ORCL>create table fb_query as select * from scott.dept;
Table created.
TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
TYGER@ORCL>set time on;
09:51:36 TYGER@ORCL>delete fb_query where deptno=10;
1 row deleted.
09:51:53 TYGER@ORCL>commit;
Commit complete.
09:51:57 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
09:52:06 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query as of timestamp sysdate-1/1440;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
實驗二:閃回查詢應用
10:25:04 TYGER@ORCL>drop table fb_tyger purge;
Table dropped.
10:25:10 TYGER@ORCL>create table fb_tyger as select * from scott.dept;
Table created.
10:25:33 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
10:25:44 TYGER@ORCL>select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
---------
14-MAR-14
10:26:02 TYGER@ORCL>alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';
Session altered.
10:26:30 TYGER@ORCL>select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
-------------------
2014-03-14 10:26:38
10:26:38 TYGER@ORCL>update fb_tyger set dname='';
4 rows updated.
10:26:51 TYGER@ORCL>commit;
Commit complete.
10:26:54 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 NEW YORK
20 DALLAS
30 CHICAGO
40 BOSTON
10:27:12 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger as of timestamp to_timestamp('2014-03-14 10:26:38','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
此處遇到錯誤:
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01466: unable to read data - table definition has changed
參考文檔: http://blog.csdn.net/wanghui5767260/article/details/21227101
10:29:21 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger as of timestamp sysdate-3/1440;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
10:29:35 TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 NEW YORK
20 DALLAS
30 CHICAGO
40 BOSTON
10:46:22 TYGER@ORCL>set time off
TYGER@ORCL>update fb_tyger t
2 set dname =
3 (select dname from fb_tyger as of timestamp
4 to_timestamp('2014-03-14 10:26:38','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')
5 where t.deptno=fb_tyger.deptno);
4 rows updated.
TYGER@ORCL>commit;
Commit complete.
TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
實驗三:閃回查詢 as of scn
TYGER@ORCL>conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SYS@ORCL>grant execute on dbms_flashback to tyger;
Grant succeeded.
TYGER@ORCL>select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number from dual;
GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER
------------------------
1107246
TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
TYGER@ORCL>delete fb_tyger where deptno<=30;
3 rows deleted.
TYGER@ORCL>commit;
Commit complete.
TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_tyger as of scn 1107246;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
實驗四:利用PL/SQL包dbms_flashback
語法:
· 會話啟用閃回指定時間:
DBMS_FLASHBACK.ENABLE_AT_TIME(query_time IN TIMESTAMP);
· 會話啟用閃回指定SCN:
DBMS_FLASHBACK.ENABLE_AT_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER(query_scn IN NUMBER);
· 關閉閃回:
DBMS_FLASHBACK.DISABLE;
TYGER@ORCL>conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SYS@ORCL>grant execute on dbms_flashback to tyger;
Grant succeeded.
SYS@ORCL>conn tyger/tyger
Connected.
TYGER@ORCL>
TYGER@ORCL>
TYGER@ORCL>
TYGER@ORCL>create table fb_query1 as select * from scott.dept;
Table created.
TYGER@ORCL>create table fb_query2 as select * from scott.dept;
Table created.
TYGER@ORCL>commit;
Commit complete.
TYGER@ORCL>select * from fb_query1;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTIN