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Python實用日期時間處理方法

   這篇文章主要介紹了Python實用日期時間處理方法匯總,本文講解了獲取當前datetime、獲取當天date、獲取明天/前N天、獲取當天開始和結束時間(00:00:00 23:59:59)、獲取兩個datetime的時間差、獲取本周/本月/上月最後一天等實用方法 ,需要的朋友可以參考下

  原則, 以datetime為中心, 起點或中轉, 轉化為目標對象, 涵蓋了大多數業務場景中需要的日期轉換處理

  步驟:

  1. 掌握幾種對象及其關系

  2. 了解每類對象的基本操作方法

  3. 通過轉化關系轉化

  涉及對象

  1. datetime

   代碼如下:

  >>> import datetime

  >>> now = datetime.datetime.now()

  >>> now

  datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 9, 12, 946118)

  >>> type(now)

  

  2. timestamp

  代碼如下:

  >>> import time

  >>> time.time()

  1421075455.568243

  3. time tuple

   代碼如下:

  >>> import time

  >>> time.localtime()

  time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=23, tm_min=10, tm_sec=30, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=12, tm_isdst=0)

  4. string

   代碼如下:

  >>> import datetime

  >>> datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

  '2015-01-12 23:13:08'

  5. date

    代碼如下:

  >>> import datetime

  >>> datetime.datetime.now().date()

  datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)

  datetime基本操作

  1. 獲取當前datetime

   代碼如下:

  >>> import datetime

  >>> datetime.datetime.now()

  datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 26, 24, 475680)

  2. 獲取當天date

   代碼如下:

  >>> datetime.date.today()

  datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)

  3. 獲取明天/前N天

  明天

   代碼如下:

  >>> datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)

  datetime.date(2015, 1, 13)

  三天前

   代碼如下:

  >>> datetime.datetime.now()

  datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 38, 55, 492226)

  >>> datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=3)

  datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 9, 23, 38, 57, 59363)

  4. 獲取當天開始和結束時間(00:00:00 23:59:59)

   代碼如下:

  >>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.min)

  datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0)

  >>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.max)

  datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 59, 59, 999999)

  5. 獲取兩個datetime的時間差

   代碼如下:

  >>> (datetime.datetime(2015,1,13,12,0,0) - datetime.datetime.now()).total_seconds()

  44747.768075

  6. 獲取本周/本月/上月最後一天

  本周

   代碼如下:

  >>> today = datetime.date.today()

  >>> today

  datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)

  >>> sunday = today + datetime.timedelta(6 - today.weekday())

  >>> sunday

  datetime.date(2015, 1, 18)

  本月

   代碼如下:

  >>> import calendar

  >>> today = datetime.date.today()

  >>> _, last_day_num = calendar.monthrange(today.year, today.month)

  >>> last_day = datetime.date(today.year, today.month, last_day_num)

  >>> last_day

  datetime.date(2015, 1, 31)

  獲取上個月的最後一天(可能跨年)

   代碼如下:

  >>> import datetime

  >>> today = datetime.date.today()

  >>> first = datetime.date(day=1, month=today.month, year=today.year)

  >>> lastMonth = first - datetime.timedelta(days=1)

  關系轉換

  幾個關系之間的轉化

  Datetime Object / String / timestamp / time tuple

  關系轉換例子

  datetime <=> string

  datetime -> string

   代碼如下:

  >>> import datetime

  >>> datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

  '2015-01-12 23:13:08'

  string -> datetime

   代碼如下:

  >>> import datetime

  >>> datetime.datetime.strptime("2014-12-31 18:20:10", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

  datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 31, 18, 20, 10)

  datetime <=> timetuple

  datetime -> timetuple

   代碼如下:

  >>> import datetime

  >>> datetime.datetime.now().timetuple()

  time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=23, tm_min=17, tm_sec=59, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=12, tm_isdst=-1)

  timetuple -> datetime

   代碼如下:

  timetuple => timestamp => datetime [看後面datetime<=>timestamp]

  datetime <=> date

  datetime -> date

   代碼如下:

  >>> import datetime

  >>> datetime.datetime.now().date()

  datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)

  date -> datetime

   代碼如下:

  >>> datetime.date.today()

  datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)

  >>> today = datetime.date.today()

  >>> datetime.datetime.combine(today, datetime.time())

  datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0)

  >>> datetime.datetime.combine(today, datetime.time.min)

  datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0)

  datetime <=> timestamp

  datetime -> timestamp

   代碼如下:

  >>> now = datetime.datetime.now()

  >>> timestamp = time.mktime(now.timetuple())

  >>> timestamp

  1421077403.0

  timestamp -> datetime

  代碼如下:

  >>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1421077403.0)

  datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 43, 23)

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