相關軟件:
1. 發送郵件 --- postfix
2. 身份認證 --- sasl2
3. 接收郵件 --- dovecot
4. 防病毒郵件 --- clamAV
5. 防垃圾郵件 --- spamassassin
6.控制病毒及垃圾郵件掃描程序 --- amavisd-new
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待完善的問題:
1. 群發郵件的權限設置
2. 用戶郵箱的配額限制
============================
完整郵件系統架構簡介
我們知道,一個完整的郵件系統應該包括以下幾個重要功能:
基本功能: 發送郵件、收取郵件
安全性功能: 收發郵件的身份認證、防病毒、防垃圾
完整的郵件系統架構流程圖如下:
相關軟件的安裝及配置
1. 安裝postfix,同時讓postfix支持mysql查詢
# aptitude install postfix postfix-mysql
2. 查看postfix是否支持外部數據庫mysql認證
# postconf -m
btree
cidr
environ
hash
internal
mysql
nis
proxy
regexp
sdbm
static
tcp
unix
3. 查看postfix支持的sasl認證類型
# postconf -a
cyrus
dovecot
4. 安裝cyrus sasl認證
# aptitude install sasl2-bin libsasl2-modules-sql
5. 修改/etc/default/saslauthd
START=no ====> START=yes
6. 重啟saslauthd,並驗證saslauthd正常工作
# /etc/init.d/saslauthd restart
# testsaslauthd -u {username} -p {password}
若出現如下結果,表示saslauthd已正常運行,並可進行認證服務,否則請檢查username和password並重試
0: OK "Success."
注:{username},{password}是登錄linux系統的用戶名和密碼
7. postfix啟用sasl認證
編輯/etc/postfix/main.cf,在最後添加如下內容:
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
8. 修改/etc/postfix/master.cf,禁止postfix啟用chroot
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
==========>>>>>>
smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
rewrite unix - - n - - trivial-rewrite
cleanup unix n - n - 0 cleanup
這樣設置的原因:如果不這麼設置,則在發送郵件時,總是報如下錯誤,且郵件無法發送成功:
postfix/trivial-rewrite[10698]: warning: connect to mysql server localhost: Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'
postfix/trivial-rewrite[10698]: fatal: mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf(0,lock|fold_fix): table lookup problem
postfix/smtpd[10394]: warning: problem talking to service rewrite: Success
postfix/master[10386]: warning: process /usr/lib/postfix/trivial-rewrite pid 10698 exit status 1
postfix/smtpd[10697]: warning: problem talking to service rewrite: Connection reset by peer
postfix/master[10386]: warning: /usr/lib/postfix/trivial-rewrite: bad command startup -- throttling
9. 安裝mysql並創建數據庫和表,同時插入數據
# aptitude install mysql-client mysql-server
# mysql -u root -p
輸入密碼
# sql> create database mail;
# sql> create table mail.users( id in(8) primary key auto_increment, username varchar(50), password varchar(50), domain varchar(50), quota int(10), maildir varchar(200));
# sql> insert into mail.users(username,password,domain,maildir,quota) values('test','test','tiddy.com','tiddy.com/test/',16000);
# sql> commit;
10. 修改postfix通過sasl的認證方式(pam/shadow/sql/ldap),在/etc/postfix/sasl目錄下新建文件smtpd.conf,內容如下:
pwcheck_method: auxprop
auxprop_plugin: sql
mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN CRAM-MD5 DIGEST-MD5 NTLM
sql_engine: mysql
sql_hostnames: 127.0.0.1
sql_user: root
sql_passwd: tiddy
sql_database: mail
sql_select: SELECT password FROM users WHERE username = '%u'
11. 在postfix上安裝telnet並進行測試
# aptitude install telnet
# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 mail.tiddy.com ESMTP Postfix (Debian/GNU)
auth login
334 VXNlcm5hbWU6
dGVzdA==
334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6
dGVzdA==
235 2.7.0 Authentication successful
mail from:
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to:
250 2.1.5 Ok
data
354 End data with .
Subject: alskdjlasd
lasdjflasdf
.
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 4C1FB440E6
postfix sasl mysql認證成功
注意:上述紅色標記的文字表示經過BASE64編碼的用戶名(test)和密碼(test)
12. 安裝POP3軟件dovecot
# aptitude install dovecot-pop3d
13. 創建虛擬用戶(以便該用戶有權限訪問郵件存放目錄)
# groupadd -g 5000 vmail
# useradd -u 5000 -g 5000 vmail -d /var/vmail -m
14. 配置dovecot
修改/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf,主要修改如下部分
1) 去掉注釋符號(#)
base_dir = /var/run/dovecot
2) dovecot所使用的協議
protocols = pop3 pop3s
3) dovecot所監聽的端口(*:監聽所有網絡端口)
listen = *
4) 打開明文密碼認證(采用pop3協議收取郵件時,采用明文密碼認證)
disable_plaintext_auth = no
5) 日志文件
log_path = /var/log/dovecot.log
6) debug日志文件
info_log_path = /var/log/dovecot.info
7) 每行日志輸出的前綴
log_timestamp = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S "
8) 客戶端用pop3協議收取郵件時的服務器收取路徑
mail_location = maildir:/var/vmail/%d/%n/
9) 是否開啟debug(測試階段使用,正式投入使用後,最好關閉)
mail_debug = yes
10) dovecot的pop3認證
auth default {
#認證方式
mechanisms = plain login
#認證過程中的密碼查詢方式(采用sql查詢)
passdb sql {
# Path for SQL configuration file
args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf
}
#認證過程中的用戶查詢方式(采用sql查詢)
userdb sql {
# Path for SQL configuration file
args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf
}
#監聽客戶端socket以便隨時發現客戶端發起的用戶身份認證
socket listen {
client {
path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth
mode = 0660
user = postfix
group = postfix
}
}
}
15. 修改/etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf
1) 數據庫驅動
driver = mysql
2) 數據庫連接信息
connect = host=localhost dbname=mail user=root password=tiddy
3) 數據庫密碼的加密方式(PLAIN:明文方式,不加密)
default_pass_scheme = PLAIN
4) 數據庫查詢語句
password_query = SELECT username, domain, password FROM users WHERE username = '%n'
user_query = SELECT maildir, 5000 AS uid, 5000 AS gid FROM users WHERE username = '%n'
16. 重新修改/etc/postfix/main.cf(注意:有的內容已經存在或添加過,請務必不要重復添加)
######################## 基本配置 ##########################
myhostname = postfixsvr
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases