實例講解Oracle監聽口令及監聽器安全

 　　很多人都知道，Oracle的監聽器一直存在著一個安全隱患，假如不設置安全措施，那麼能夠訪問的用戶就可以遠程關閉監聽器。

　　相關示例：

　　D:>lsnrctl stop eygle

　　LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 28-11月-2007 10:02:40

　　Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

　　正在連接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521))

　　(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=eygle)))

　　命令執行成功

　　大家可以發現，此時缺省的監聽器的日志還無法記錄操作地址：

　　No longer listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))

　　28-NOV-2007 09:59:20 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=)(USER=Administrator))(COMMAND=stop)

　　(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=eygle)(VERSION=169870080)) * stop * 0

　　為了更好的保證監聽器的安全，大家最好為監聽設置密碼：

　　[oracle@jumper log]$ lsnrctl

　　LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-NOV-2007 10:18:17

　　Copyright (c) 1991, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

　　Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

　　LSNRCTL> set current_listener listener

　　Current Listener is listener

　　LSNRCTL> change_password

　　Old password:

　　New password:

　　Reenter new password:

　　Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))

　　Password changed for listener

　　The command completed successfully

　　LSNRCTL> set password

　　Password:

　　The command completed successfully

　　LSNRCTL> save_config

　　Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))

　　Saved LISTENER configuration parameters.

　　Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora

　　Old Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.bak

　　The command completed successfully

　　在我們設置密碼後，遠程操作將會因缺失密碼而出現失敗：

　　D:>lsnrctl stop eygle

　　LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 28-11月-2007 10:22:57

　　Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

　　正在連接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)

　　(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=eygle)))

　　TNS-01169: 監聽程序尚未識別口令

　　注意：此時在服務器端或客戶端，都需要我們通過密碼來起停監聽器：

　　LSNRCTL> set password

　　Password:

　　The command completed successfully

　　LSNRCTL> stop

　　Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))

　　The command completed successfully

　　LSNRCTL> start

　　Starting /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

　　TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

　　System parameter file is /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora

　　Log messages written to /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/log/listener.log

　　Trace information written to /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/trace/listener.trc

　　Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))

　　Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))

　　STATUS of the LISTENER

　　------------------------

　　Alias LISTENER

　　Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

　　Start Date 28-NOV-2007 10:22:23

　　Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

　　Trace Level support

　　Security ON

　　SNMP OFF

　　Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora

　　Listener Log File /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/log/listener.log

　　Listener Trace File /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/trace/listener.trc

　　Listening Endpoints Summary...

　　(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))

　　Services Summary...

　　Service "eygle" has 1 instance(s).

　　Instance "eygle", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

　　Service "julia" has 1 instance(s).

　　Instance "eygle", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

　　The command completed successfully

　　另外，ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS參數也是一個重要的安全選項，大家可以在 listener.ora 文件中設置 ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS_ 為 ON，此後所有在運行時對監聽器的修改都將會被阻止，所有對監聽器的修改都必須通過手工修改listener.ora文件才能順利完成。