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oracle數據庫中關於游標的常見用法

1、什麼是游標

游標是一種PL/SQL控制結構,可以對SQL語句進行顯示控制,便於對表的數據逐條進行處理

2、游標分類

顯示游標: Declared and named by the programmer

隱式游標: Declared for all DML and PL/SQL SELECT statements

 

3、游標的屬性:

%FOUND:Evaluates to TRUE if the most recent SQL statement affects one   or more rows

%NOTFOUND:和%FOUND相反

%ISOPEN:是一個布爾值,如果游標打開,則為TRUE, 如果游標關閉,則為FALSE.對於隱式游標而言SQL%ISOPEN總是FALSE,這是因為隱式游標在DML語句執行時打開,結束時就立即關閉。

%ROWCOUNT:Number of records affected by the most recent SQL statement

 

注意:dbms_output.put_line();這個是不能打印boolean型的,解決方法

if b then

 dbms_output.put_line('b=true');

end if;

 

或者:

declare

 b boolean;

begin

 b := true;

 dbms_output.put_line((case when b then 'true' else 'false' end));

end;

 

對於null,課先使用NVL()或者decode()處理

 

顯示游標:需要手動open和close

例如:

DECLARE

CURSOR mycursor IS

SELECT * FROM dept;

myrecord dept%ROWTYPE;

BEGIN

OPEN mycursor;

FETCH mycursor INTO myrecord;

WHILE mycursor%FOUND LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(myrecord.deptno||' '||myrecord.dname||'   '||myrecord.loc);

FETCH mycursor INTO myrecord;

END LOOP;

CLOSE mycursor;

END;

注意:在進行while循環前,必須先有一個FETCH..INTO操作,否者%FOUND總是返 回false

 

帶參數的游標:

DECLARE

CURSOR mycursor(num varchar2) IS

SELECT * FROM DEPT WHERE deptno=num;

myrecord dept%ROWTYPE;

BEGIN

OPEN mycursor(10);

LOOP

FETCH mycursor INTO myrecord;

EXIT WHEN mycursor%NOTFOUND;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('deptNum='||myrecord.deptno||' deptName='||myrecord.dname);

END LOOP;

CLOSE mycursor;

END;

 

FOR循環操作游標

使用FOR循環讀取游標時,不需要顯示申明變量用於接收結果,也不需要手動打開和關閉游標,例如:

DECLARE

CURSOR mycursor(num varchar2) IS

SELECT * FROM DEPT WHERE deptno=num;

BEGIN

FOR cur IN mycursor(10) LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('deptNum='||cur.deptno||' deptName='||cur.dname);

END LOOP;

END;

 

注意:PL/SQL中參數只需要給出類型,不需要給出長度或精度。

當直接將游標的值讀取到變量時,變量的個數應與游標指向的結果集的列數相同。例如結果集中有兩個列,那麼使用FETCH....INTO 時對應的變量個數也應該有兩個。

DECLARE

d_no number;

d_name varchar2(10);

CURSOR mycursor(num varchar2) IS

SELECT deptno,dname FROM DEPT WHERE deptno=num;

BEGIN

OPEN mycursor(10);

FETCH mycursor INTO d_no,d_name;

LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(d_no||' '||d_name);

FETCH mycursor INTO d_no,d_name;

EXIT WHEN mycursor%NOTFOUND;

END LOOP;

CLOSE mycursor;

END;

/

 

%ROWCOUNT初始值為null,每當使用FETCH...INTO從游標中取出一條數據後,      ROWCOUNT的值加1,並不是標識結果集的行數。

例如:

DECLARE

d_name varchar2(10);

CURSOR mycursor IS

SELECT dname FROM DEPT;

BEGIN

OPEN mycursor;

LOOP

FETCH mycursor INTO d_name;

EXIT WHEN mycursor%NOTFOUND;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(mycursor%ROWCOUNT);

END LOOP;

CLOSE mycursor;

END;

結果集中有4行記錄,輸出結果為:1 2 3 4

 

可更新數據的游標

要想在使用游標的同時修改數據,需要在申明游標時加上FOR UPDATE關鍵字。

例如:

DECLARE

d_name VARCHAR2(20);

CURSOR mycursor IS

SELECT dname FROM dept FOR UPDATE;

BEGIN

OPEN mycursor;

LOOP

FETCH mycursor INTO d_name;

EXIT WHEN mycursor%NOTFOUND;

UPDATE dept SET dname=RTRIM(dname,'_t') WHERE CURRENT OF mycursor;

END LOOP;

CLOSE mycursor;

END;

CURRENT OF+游標名:獲取游標當前所指向的行

RTRIM(dname,'_t'):LTRIM、RTRIM實現字符串過濾(不僅僅去除空格)

 

 

隱式游標:不使用DECLARE顯示申明的游標。

例如:

BEGIN

FOR cur IN(SELECT dname FROM dept) LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(cur.dname);

END LOOP;

END;

 

1、含有參數的游標

declare
 cursor cur_my (mv number) is select * from Person where no<mv;
begin
  for tem in cur_my(4) loop
  DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('name:'||tem.name);
  end loop;
end;

2、設置引用游標
declare
   temp_row Person%rowtype;
   type my_type is ref cursor;
   cur_my my_type;
begin
   open cur_my for 'select * from Person ';
   loop
      fetch cur_my into temp_row;
      exit when cur_my%notfound;
      DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('name:'||temp_row.name);
   end loop;
   close cur_my;
end;

3、for loop循環游標

DECLARE
    v_id Integer;
    v_name varchar2(50);
    v_age Integer;
    cursor cur_mycursor is select id,name,age from Users;
BEGIN
    for temp in cur_mycursor loop
       v_id :=temp.id;
       v_name :=temp.name;
       v_age :=temp.age;
       dbms_output.put_line('id:'||v_id||'name:'||v_name||'age:'||v_age);
    end loop;
    /**dbms_output.put_line('所有記錄數:'||cur_mycursor%rowcount||'條!');*/
END;

4、標准化loop循環游標

DECLARE
    v_id Integer;
    v_name varchar2(50);
    v_age Integer;
    cursor cur_mycursors is select id,name,age from Users;
BEGIN
     OPEN cur_mycursors;
       dbms_output.put_line('所有記錄數:'||cur_mycursors%rowcount||'條!');
     LOOP
       FETCH cur_mycursors INTO v_id,v_name,v_age;
       dbms_output.put_line('id:'||v_id||'name:'||v_name||'age:'||v_age);
       IF  cur_mycursors%NOTFOUND THEN
          

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