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PHP中魔術方法的用法

   PHP中魔術方法的用法

  /** PHP把所有以__(兩個下劃線)開頭的類方法當成魔術方法。所以你定義自己的類方法時,不要以 __為前綴。 * */

  // __toString、__set、__get__isset()、__unset()

  /*

  The __toString method allows a class to decide how it will react when it is converted to a string.

  __set() is run when writing data to inaccessible members.

  __get() is utilized for reading data from inaccessible members.

  __isset() is triggered by calling isset() or empty() on inaccessible members.

  __unset() is invoked when unset() is used on inaccessible members.

  */

  class TestClass {

  private $data = array();

  public $foo;

  public function __construct($foo) {

  $this->foo = $foo;

  }

  public function __toString() {

  return $this->foo;

  }

  public function __set($name, $value) {

  echo "__set, Setting '$name' to '$value'n";

  $this->data[$name] = $value;

  }

  public function __get($name) {

  echo "__get, Getting '$name'n";

  if (array_key_exists($name, $this->data)) {

  return $this->data[$name];

  }

  }

  /** As of PHP 5.1.0 */

  public function __isset($name) {

  echo "__isset, Is '$name' set?n";

  return isset($this->data[$name]);

  }

  /** As of PHP 5.1.0 */

  public function __unset($name) {

  echo "__unset, Unsetting '$name'n";

  unset($this->data[$name]);

  }

  }

  $obj = new TestClass('Hello');

  echo "__toString, $objn";

  $obj->a = 1;

  echo $obj->a . "nn";

  var_dump(isset($obj->a));

  unset($obj->a);

  var_dump(isset($obj->a));

  echo "nn";

  /**

  輸出結果如下:

  __toString, Hello

  __set, Setting 'a' to '1'

  __get, Getting 'a'

  __isset, Is 'a' set?

  bool(true)

  __unset, Unsetting 'a'

  __isset, Is 'a' set?

  bool(false)

  **/

  // __call __callStatic

  /*

  mixed __call ( string $name , array $arguments )

  mixed __callStatic ( string $name , array $arguments )

  __call() is triggered when invoking inaccessible methods in an object context.

  __callStatic() is triggered when invoking inaccessible methods in a static context.

  The $name argument is the name of the method being called.

  The $arguments argument is an enumerated array containing the parameters passed to the $name'ed method.

  */

  class MethodTest {

  public function __call($name, $arguments) {

  // Note: value of $name is case sensitive.

  echo "__call, Calling object method '$name' " . implode(', ', $arguments) . "n";

  }

  /** As of PHP 5.3.0 */

  public static function __callStatic($name, $arguments) {

  // Note: value of $name is case sensitive.

  echo "__callStatic, Calling static method '$name' " . implode(', ', $arguments) . "n";

  }

  }

  $obj = new MethodTest;

  $obj->runTest('in object context', 'param2', 'param3');

  //MethodTest::runTest('in static context'); // As of PHP 5.3.0

  echo "nn";

  /**

  輸出結果如下:

  __call, Calling object method 'runTest' in object context, param2, param3

  string(10) "__invoke: "

  */

  // __invoke

  /*

  The __invoke method is called when a script tries to call an object as a function.

  Note: This feature is available since PHP 5.3.0.

  */

  class CallableClass {

  function __invoke($x) {

  var_dump($x);

  }

  }

  $obj = new CallableClass;

  //$obj(5);

  var_dump('__invoke: ' . is_callable($obj));

  echo "nn";

  // __sleep __wakeup

  /*

  串行化serialize可以把變量包括對象,轉化成連續bytes數據. 你可以將串行化後的變量存在一個文件裡或在網絡上傳輸.

  然後再反串行化還原為原來的數據. 你在反串行化類的對象之前定義的類,PHP可以成功地存儲其對象的屬性和方法.

  有時你可能需要一個對象在反串行化後立即執行. 為了這樣的目的,PHP會自動尋找__sleep和__wakeup方法.

  當一個對象被串行化,PHP會調用__sleep方法(如果存在的話). 在反串行化一個對象後,PHP 會調用__wakeup方法.

  這兩個方法都不接受參數. __sleep方法必須返回一個數組,包含需要串行化的屬性. PHP會拋棄其它屬性的值.

  如果沒有__sleep方法,PHP將保存所有屬性.下面的例子顯示了如何用__sleep和__wakeup方法來串行化一個對象.

  Id屬性是一個不打算保留在對象中的臨時屬性. __sleep方法保證在串行化的對象中不包含id屬性.

  當反串行化一個User對象,__wakeup方法建立id屬性的新值. 這個例子被設計成自我保持.

  在實際開發中,你可能發現包含資源(如圖像或數據流)的對象需要這些方法

  */

  class User {

  public $name;

  public $id;

  function __construct() {

  //give user a unique ID 賦予一個差別 的ID

  $this->id = uniqid();

  }

  //__sleep返回值的類型是數組,數組中的值是不需要串型化的字段id

  function __sleep() {

  //do not serialize this->id 不串行化id

  return(array("name"));

  }

  function __wakeup() {

  //give user a unique ID

  $this->id = uniqid();

  }

  }

  //create object 成立一個器材

  $u = new User;

  $u->name = "Leon"; //serialize it 串行化 留意不串行化id屬性,id的值被遺棄

  $s = serialize($u);

  echo "__sleep, __wakeup, s: $s"; //unserialize it 反串行化 id被重新賦值

  $u2 = unserialize($s); //$u and $u2 have different IDs $u和$u2有差別 的ID

  print_r($u);

  print_r($u2);

  echo "nn";

  /**

  輸出結果如下:

  __sleep, __wakeup, s: O:4:"User":1:{s:4:"name";s:4:"Leon";}

  User Object

  (

  [name] => Leon

  [id] => 4db1b17640da1

  )

  User Object

  (

  [name] => Leon

  [id] => 4db1b17640dbc

  )

  */

  // __set_state

  /*

  This static method is called for classes exported by var_export() since PHP 5.1.0.

  The only parameter of this method is an array containing exported properties in the form array('property' => value, ...).

  */

  class A {

  public $var1;

  public $var2;

  public static function __set_state($an_array) { // As of PHP 5.1.0

  //$an_array打印出來是數組,而不是調用時傳遞的對象

  print_r($an_array);

  $obj = new A;

  $obj->var1 = $an_array['var1'];

  $obj->var2 = $an_array['var2'];

  return $obj;

  }

  }

  $a = new A;

  $a->var1 = 5;

  $a->var2 = 'foo';

  echo "__set_state:n";

  eval('$b = ' . var_export($a, true) . ';');

  // $b = A::__set_state(array(

  // 'var1' => 5,

  // 'var2' => 'foo',

  // ));

  var_dump($b);

  echo "nn";

  /**

  輸出結果如下:

  __set_state:

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