Cobbler 是 Red Hat 支援的開源部署工具，整合 PXE、DHCP、TFTP、Kickstart，大幅降低 Linux 網路安裝門檻。本文記錄 CentOS 6/7 環境下的標準化安裝流程。

前置準備

# 配置 EPEL 源
# yum -y install cobbler
# service httpd start
# service cobblerd start

cobbler check 逐項修復

# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
next_server: 192.168.83.137
server: 192.168.83.137
manage_tftpd: 1

# yum -y install syslinux
# chkconfig rsync on
# yum -y install pykickstart

# 產生預設密碼雜湊
# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'openssl rand -hex 4'
# 寫入 default_password_crypted

複製啟動載入器

cd /usr/share/syslinux/
cp -r ./* /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/

DHCP 服務配置

# yum -y install dhcp
# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
option domain-name "60sec.com";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.83.137;
default-lease-time 43300;
max-lease-time 86500;
subnet 192.168.83.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    range 192.168.83.50 192.168.83.100;
    option routers 192.168.83.137;
}
next-server 192.168.83.137;
filename="pxelinux.0";
# service dhcpd start

TFTP 服務啟用

# chkconfig tftp on
# service xinetd start

匯入發行版與建立 Profile

# mount -r /dev/cdrom /media/
# cobbler import --name=centos-6.5-x86_64 --path=/media

# 驗證 Kickstart 檔
# ksvalidator centos6.x86_64.cfg

# 建立 Profile
# cobbler profile add --name=CentOS-6.5-x86_64-basic --distro=centos-6.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/mnt/centos6.x86_64.cfg
# cobbler profile list
# cobbler sync
# service cobblerd restart

驗證與測試

• 建立虛擬機網路啟動（PXE）
• 驗證選單載入、Kickstart 無人值守安裝
• 可編輯 /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 微調選單

注意事項

• Cobbler 對 Ubuntu 支援較弱，建議優先用於 RHEL/CentOS/Fedora
• 生產環境通常禁用 DHCP，需依 MAC 綁定 IP
• SELinux 可能阻擋寫入配置，CentOS 7 需 setsebool -P zebra_write_config 1