消息隊列是消息的鏈表,存放在內核中並有消息隊列標示符標示。
msgget用於創建一個新隊列或打開一個現存的隊列。msgsnd將新消息加入到消息隊列中;每個消息包括一個long型的type;和消息緩存;msgrcv用於從隊列中取出消息;取消息很智能,不一定先進先出
①msgget,創建一個新隊列或打開一個現有隊列
#include <sys/msg.h>
int msgget ( key_t key, int flag );
//成功返回消息隊列ID;錯誤返回-1
②msgsnd: 發送消息
#include <sys/msg.h>
int msgsnd( int msgid, const void* ptr, size_t nbytes, int flag )
//成功返回0,錯誤返回-1
a:flag可以指定為IPC_NOWAIT若消息隊列已滿,則msgsnd立即出錯返回EABAIN;
若沒指定IPC_NOWAIT; msgsnd會阻塞,直到消息隊列有空間為止
③msgrcv: 讀取消息:
ssize_t msgrcv( int msgid, void* ptr, size_t nbytes, long type, int flag );
a. type == 0; 返回消息隊列中第一個消息,先進先出
b. type > 0;返回消息隊列中類型為tpye的第一個消息
c. type < 0;返回消息隊列中類型 <=; |type| 的數據;若這種消息有若干個,則取類型值最小的消息
消息隊列創建步驟:
#defineMSG_FILE "."
struct msgtype {
long mtype;
char buffer[BUFFER+1];
};
if((key=ftok(MSG_FILE,'a'))==-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Creat Key Error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
if((msgid=msgget(key, IPC_CREAT | 0666/*PERM*/))==-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Creat Message; Error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
msg.mtype = 1;
strncpy(msg.buffer, argv[1], BUFFER);
msgsnd(msgid, &msg, sizeof(struct msgtype), 0);
msgrcv(msgid, &msg, sizeof(struct msgtype), 1, 0);
示例代碼:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#defineMSG_FILE "."
#defineBUFFER 255
#definePERM S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR
#define IPCKEY 0x111
struct msgtype {
long mtype;
char buffer[BUFFER+1];
};
void* thr_test( void* arg ){
struct msgtype msg;
int msgid;
msgid =; *((int*)arg);
printf("msqid = %d; IPC_NOWAIT = %d\n", msgid, IPC_NOWAIT);
time_t tt = time(0)+8;
//while( time(0) <= tt )
//{
msgrcv(msgid, &msg, sizeof(struct msgtype), 1, 0);
fprintf(stderr,"Server Receive:%s\n", msg.buffer);
msg.mtype = 2;
msgsnd(msgid, &msg, sizeof(struct msgtype), 0);
//}
pthread_exit( (void*)2 );
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct msgtype msg;
key_t key;
int msgid;
pthread_t tid;
if(argc != 2)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Usage:%s string\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
/*
char path[256];
sprintf( path, "%s/", (char*)getenv("HOME") );
printf( "path is %s\n", path );
msgid=ftok( path, IPCKEY );
*/
if((key=ftok(MSG_FILE,'a'))==-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Creat Key Error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
if((msgid=msgget(key, IPC_CREAT | 0666/*PERM*/))==-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Creat Message; Error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
pthread_create( &tid, NULL, thr_test, &msgid );
fprintf(stderr,"msid is :%d\n", msgid);
msg.mtype = 1;
strncpy(msg.buffer, argv[1], BUFFER);
msgsnd(msgid, &msg, sizeof(struct msgtype), 0);
exit(0);
}